利用注解 + 反射消除重复代码
常见问题 发布者:ou3377 2021-12-14 09:01 访问量:166
假设银行提供了一些 API 接口,对参数的序列化有点特殊,不使用 JSON,而是需要我们把参数依次拼在一起构成一个大字符串:
1)按照银行提供的API文档顺序,将所有的参数构成定长的数据,并且拼接在一起作为一整个字符串
2)因为每一种参数都有固定长度,未达到长度需要进行填充处理
public class BankService {
//创建用户方法
public static String createUser(String name, String identity, String mobile, int age) throws IOException {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//字符串靠左,多余的地方填充_
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%-10s", name).replace(' ', '_'));
//字符串靠左,多余的地方填充_
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%-18s", identity).replace(' ', '_'));
//数字靠右,多余的地方用0填充
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%05d", age));
//字符串靠左,多余的地方用_填充
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%-11s", mobile).replace(' ', '_'));
//最后加上MD5作为签名
stringBuilder.append(DigestUtils.md2Hex(stringBuilder.toString()));
return Request.Post("http://localhost:45678/reflection/bank/createUser")
.bodyString(stringBuilder.toString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.execute().returnContent().asString();
}
//支付方法
public static String pay(long userId, BigDecimal amount) throws IOException {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
//数字靠右,多余的地方用0填充
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%020d", userId));
//金额向下舍入2位到分,以分为单位,作为数字靠右,多余的地方用0填充
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%010d", amount.setScale(2, RoundingMode.DOWN).multiply(new BigDecimal("100")).longValue()));
//最后加上MD5作为签名
stringBuilder.append(DigestUtils.md2Hex(stringBuilder.toString()));
return Request.Post("http://localhost:45678/reflection/bank/pay")
.bodyString(stringBuilder.toString(), ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.execute().returnContent().asString();
}
}
这样做能够基本满足需求,但是存在一些问题:
@Data
public class CreateUserAPI {
private String name;
private String identity;
private String mobile;
private int age;
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface BankAPI {
String desc() default "";
String url() default "";
}
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface BankAPIField {
int order() default -1;
int length() default -1;
String type() default "";
}
private static String remoteCall(AbstractAPI api) throws IOException {
//从BankAPI注解获取请求地址
BankAPI bankAPI = api.getClass().getAnnotation(BankAPI.class);
bankAPI.url();
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
Arrays.stream(api.getClass().getDeclaredFields()) //获得所有字段
.filter(field -> field.isAnnotationPresent(BankAPIField.class)) //查找标记了注解的字段
.sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(a -> a.getAnnotation(BankAPIField.class).order())) //根据注解中的order对字段排序
.peek(field -> field.setAccessible(true)) //设置可以访问私有字段
.forEach(field -> {
//获得注解
BankAPIField bankAPIField = field.getAnnotation(BankAPIField.class);
Object value = "";
try {
//反射获取字段值
value = field.get(api);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//根据字段类型以正确的填充方式格式化字符串
switch (bankAPIField.type()) {
case "S": {
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%-" + bankAPIField.length() + "s", value.toString()).replace(' ', '_'));
break;
}
case "N": {
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%" + bankAPIField.length() + "s", value.toString()).replace(' ', '0'));
break;
}
case "M": {
if (!(value instanceof BigDecimal))
throw new RuntimeException(String.format("{} 的 {} 必须是BigDecimal", api, field));
stringBuilder.append(String.format("%0" + bankAPIField.length() + "d", ((BigDecimal) value).setScale(2, RoundingMode.DOWN).multiply(new BigDecimal("100")).longValue()));
break;
}
default:
break;
}
});
//签名逻辑
stringBuilder.append(DigestUtils.md2Hex(stringBuilder.toString()));
String param = stringBuilder.toString();
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
//发请求
String result = Request.Post("http://localhost:45678/reflection" + bankAPI.url())
.bodyString(param, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON)
.execute().returnContent().asString();
log.info("调用银行API {} url:{} 参数:{} 耗时:{}ms", bankAPI.desc(), bankAPI.url(), param, System.currentTimeMillis() - begin);
return result;
}
通过反射来动态获得class的信息,并在runtime的时候完成组装过程。
这样做的好处是开发的时候会方便直观很多,然后将逻辑与细节隐藏起来,并且集中放到了一个方法当中,减少了重复,以及维护当中bug的出现。
@BankAPI(url = "/bank/createUser", desc = "创建用户接口")
@Data
public class CreateUserAPI extends AbstractAPI {
@BankAPIField(order = 1, type = "S", length = 10)
private String name;
@BankAPIField(order = 2, type = "S", length = 18)
private String identity;
@BankAPIField(order = 4, type = "S", length = 11) //注意这里的order需要按照API表格中的顺序
private String mobile;
@BankAPIField(order = 3, type = "N", length = 5)
private int age;
}
@BankAPI(url = "/bank/pay", desc = "支付接口")
@Data
public class PayAPI extends AbstractAPI {
@BankAPIField(order = 1, type = "N", length = 20)
private long userId;
@BankAPIField(order = 2, type = "M", length = 10)
private BigDecimal amount;
}
关键字: 消除重复代码
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